diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 1ff874f..9d6dae2 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ COPY --from=builder /usr/share/zoneinfo /usr/share/zoneinfo
 # copy binary
 COPY --from=builder /app /app
 
-# copy schema directory
-COPY schema/ /app/schema/
-
 # copy example config
 COPY config.example.yml /app/config/config.yml
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index c1221be..a4dd3e6 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5
 	github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v3 v3.4.0
 	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.33.0
-	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema v1.2.4
 	golang.org/x/net v0.32.0
 	golang.org/x/text v0.21.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.8.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 2ffd6ff..afb87bf 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1/go.mod h1:uMEvuHeurkdAXX61udpOXGD/AzZDWN
 github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0/go.mod h1:trrq9SKmegXys3aeAKXMUTdJsYXVwGY3RLcfgqegfbg=
 github.com/rs/zerolog v1.33.0 h1:1cU2KZkvPxNyfgEmhHAz/1A9Bz+llsdYzklWFzgp0r8=
 github.com/rs/zerolog v1.33.0/go.mod h1:/7mN4D5sKwJLZQ2b/znpjC3/GQWY/xaDXUM0kKWRHss=
-github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema v1.2.4 h1:hNhW8e7t+H1vgY+1QeEQpveR6D4+OwKPXCfD2aieJis=
-github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema v1.2.4/go.mod h1:TEAUOeZSmIxTTuHatJzrvARHiuO9LYd+cIxzgEHCQI4=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
diff --git a/internal/autocert/config.go b/internal/autocert/config.go
index c63096e..d8682b4 100644
--- a/internal/autocert/config.go
+++ b/internal/autocert/config.go
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ var (
 )
 
 func NewConfig(cfg *types.AutoCertConfig) *Config {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = new(types.AutoCertConfig)
+	}
 	if cfg.CertPath == "" {
 		cfg.CertPath = CertFileDefault
 	}
diff --git a/internal/common/env.go b/internal/common/env.go
index 9ee7277..2d8da6c 100644
--- a/internal/common/env.go
+++ b/internal/common/env.go
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ import (
 var (
 	prefixes = []string{"GODOXY_", "GOPROXY_", ""}
 
-	NoSchemaValidation = GetEnvBool("NO_SCHEMA_VALIDATION", true)
-	IsTest             = GetEnvBool("TEST", false) || strings.HasSuffix(os.Args[0], ".test")
-	IsDebug            = GetEnvBool("DEBUG", IsTest)
-	IsDebugSkipAuth    = GetEnvBool("DEBUG_SKIP_AUTH", false)
-	IsTrace            = GetEnvBool("TRACE", false) && IsDebug
-	IsProduction       = !IsTest && !IsDebug
+	IsTest          = GetEnvBool("TEST", false) || strings.HasSuffix(os.Args[0], ".test")
+	IsDebug         = GetEnvBool("DEBUG", IsTest)
+	IsDebugSkipAuth = GetEnvBool("DEBUG_SKIP_AUTH", false)
+	IsTrace         = GetEnvBool("TRACE", false) && IsDebug
+	IsProduction    = !IsTest && !IsDebug
 
 	ProxyHTTPAddr,
 	ProxyHTTPHost,
diff --git a/internal/config/config.go b/internal/config/config.go
index 924f382..cf9001f 100644
--- a/internal/config/config.go
+++ b/internal/config/config.go
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/notif"
 	proxy "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/route/provider"
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/task"
-	U "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils"
 	F "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils/functional"
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/watcher"
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/watcher/events"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -68,7 +67,8 @@ func Load() (*Config, E.Error) {
 }
 
 func Validate(data []byte) E.Error {
-	return U.ValidateYaml(U.GetSchema(common.ConfigSchemaPath), data)
+	var model *types.Config
+	return utils.DeserializeYAML(data, model)
 }
 
 func MatchDomains() []string {
@@ -160,14 +160,8 @@ func (cfg *Config) load() E.Error {
 		E.LogFatal(errMsg, err, &logger)
 	}
 
-	if !common.NoSchemaValidation {
-		if err := Validate(data); err != nil {
-			E.LogFatal(errMsg, err, &logger)
-		}
-	}
-
 	model := types.DefaultConfig()
-	if err := E.From(yaml.Unmarshal(data, model)); err != nil {
+	if err := utils.DeserializeYAML(data, model); err != nil {
 		E.LogFatal(errMsg, err, &logger)
 	}
 
@@ -176,7 +170,7 @@ func (cfg *Config) load() E.Error {
 	errs.Add(entrypoint.SetMiddlewares(model.Entrypoint.Middlewares))
 	errs.Add(entrypoint.SetAccessLogger(cfg.task, model.Entrypoint.AccessLog))
 	errs.Add(cfg.initNotification(model.Providers.Notification))
-	errs.Add(cfg.initAutoCert(&model.AutoCert))
+	errs.Add(cfg.initAutoCert(model.AutoCert))
 	errs.Add(cfg.loadRouteProviders(&model.Providers))
 
 	cfg.value = model
diff --git a/internal/config/types/autocert_config.go b/internal/config/types/autocert_config.go
index b656403..f054d01 100644
--- a/internal/config/types/autocert_config.go
+++ b/internal/config/types/autocert_config.go
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ package types
 
 type (
 	AutoCertConfig struct {
-		Email       string              `json:"email,omitempty" yaml:"email"`
-		Domains     []string            `json:"domains,omitempty" yaml:",flow"`
-		CertPath    string              `json:"cert_path,omitempty" yaml:"cert_path"`
-		KeyPath     string              `json:"key_path,omitempty" yaml:"key_path"`
-		ACMEKeyPath string              `json:"acme_key_path,omitempty" yaml:"acme_key_path"`
-		Provider    string              `json:"provider,omitempty" yaml:"provider"`
-		Options     AutocertProviderOpt `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:",flow"`
+		Email       string              `json:"email,omitempty" validate:"email"`
+		Domains     []string            `json:"domains,omitempty"`
+		CertPath    string              `json:"cert_path,omitempty" validate:"omitempty,filepath"`
+		KeyPath     string              `json:"key_path,omitempty" validate:"omitempty,filepath"`
+		ACMEKeyPath string              `json:"acme_key_path,omitempty" validate:"omitempty,filepath"`
+		Provider    string              `json:"provider,omitempty"`
+		Options     AutocertProviderOpt `json:"options,omitempty"`
 	}
 	AutocertProviderOpt map[string]any
 )
diff --git a/internal/config/types/config.go b/internal/config/types/config.go
index 39bd12c..1130dcf 100644
--- a/internal/config/types/config.go
+++ b/internal/config/types/config.go
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ import "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/net/http/accesslog"
 
 type (
 	Config struct {
-		AutoCert        AutoCertConfig `json:"autocert" yaml:",flow"`
-		Entrypoint      Entrypoint     `json:"entrypoint" yaml:",flow"`
-		Providers       Providers      `json:"providers" yaml:",flow"`
-		MatchDomains    []string       `json:"match_domains" yaml:"match_domains"`
-		Homepage        HomepageConfig `json:"homepage" yaml:"homepage"`
-		TimeoutShutdown int            `json:"timeout_shutdown" yaml:"timeout_shutdown"`
+		AutoCert        *AutoCertConfig `json:"autocert"`
+		Entrypoint      Entrypoint      `json:"entrypoint"`
+		Providers       Providers       `json:"providers"`
+		MatchDomains    []string        `json:"match_domains" validate:"dive,fqdn"`
+		Homepage        HomepageConfig  `json:"homepage"`
+		TimeoutShutdown int             `json:"timeout_shutdown" validate:"gte=0"`
 	}
 	Providers struct {
-		Files        []string             `json:"include" yaml:"include"`
-		Docker       map[string]string    `json:"docker" yaml:"docker"`
-		Notification []NotificationConfig `json:"notification" yaml:"notification"`
+		Files        []string             `json:"include" validate:"dive,filepath"`
+		Docker       map[string]string    `json:"docker" validate:"dive,unix_addr|url"`
+		Notification []NotificationConfig `json:"notification"`
 	}
 	Entrypoint struct {
-		Middlewares []map[string]any  `json:"middlewares" yaml:"middlewares"`
-		AccessLog   *accesslog.Config `json:"access_log" yaml:"access_log"`
+		Middlewares []map[string]any  `json:"middlewares"`
+		AccessLog   *accesslog.Config `json:"access_log"`
 	}
 	NotificationConfig map[string]any
 )
diff --git a/internal/config/types/homepage_config.go b/internal/config/types/homepage_config.go
index e44c636..14301c8 100644
--- a/internal/config/types/homepage_config.go
+++ b/internal/config/types/homepage_config.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package types
 
 type HomepageConfig struct {
-	UseDefaultCategories bool `json:"use_default_categories" yaml:"use_default_categories"`
+	UseDefaultCategories bool `json:"use_default_categories"`
 }
diff --git a/internal/docker/container.go b/internal/docker/container.go
index f17cdbf..129d289 100644
--- a/internal/docker/container.go
+++ b/internal/docker/container.go
@@ -15,29 +15,29 @@ type (
 	Container   struct {
 		_ U.NoCopy
 
-		DockerHost    string `json:"docker_host" yaml:"-"`
-		ContainerName string `json:"container_name" yaml:"-"`
-		ContainerID   string `json:"container_id" yaml:"-"`
-		ImageName     string `json:"image_name" yaml:"-"`
+		DockerHost    string `json:"docker_host"`
+		ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`
+		ContainerID   string `json:"container_id"`
+		ImageName     string `json:"image_name"`
 
-		Labels map[string]string `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+		Labels map[string]string `json:"-"`
 
-		PublicPortMapping  PortMapping `json:"public_ports" yaml:"-"`  // non-zero publicPort:types.Port
-		PrivatePortMapping PortMapping `json:"private_ports" yaml:"-"` // privatePort:types.Port
-		PublicIP           string      `json:"public_ip" yaml:"-"`
-		PrivateIP          string      `json:"private_ip" yaml:"-"`
-		NetworkMode        string      `json:"network_mode" yaml:"-"`
+		PublicPortMapping  PortMapping `json:"public_ports"`  // non-zero publicPort:types.Port
+		PrivatePortMapping PortMapping `json:"private_ports"` // privatePort:types.Port
+		PublicIP           string      `json:"public_ip"`
+		PrivateIP          string      `json:"private_ip"`
+		NetworkMode        string      `json:"network_mode"`
 
-		Aliases     []string `json:"aliases" yaml:"-"`
-		IsExcluded  bool     `json:"is_excluded" yaml:"-"`
-		IsExplicit  bool     `json:"is_explicit" yaml:"-"`
-		IsDatabase  bool     `json:"is_database" yaml:"-"`
-		IdleTimeout string   `json:"idle_timeout,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
-		WakeTimeout string   `json:"wake_timeout,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
-		StopMethod  string   `json:"stop_method,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
-		StopTimeout string   `json:"stop_timeout,omitempty" yaml:"-"` // stop_method = "stop" only
-		StopSignal  string   `json:"stop_signal,omitempty" yaml:"-"`  // stop_method = "stop" | "kill" only
-		Running     bool     `json:"running" yaml:"-"`
+		Aliases     []string `json:"aliases"`
+		IsExcluded  bool     `json:"is_excluded"`
+		IsExplicit  bool     `json:"is_explicit"`
+		IsDatabase  bool     `json:"is_database"`
+		IdleTimeout string   `json:"idle_timeout,omitempty"`
+		WakeTimeout string   `json:"wake_timeout,omitempty"`
+		StopMethod  string   `json:"stop_method,omitempty"`
+		StopTimeout string   `json:"stop_timeout,omitempty"` // stop_method = "stop" only
+		StopSignal  string   `json:"stop_signal,omitempty"`  // stop_method = "stop" | "kill" only
+		Running     bool     `json:"running"`
 	}
 )
 
diff --git a/internal/homepage/homepage.go b/internal/homepage/homepage.go
index 03ccf6f..45c4c32 100644
--- a/internal/homepage/homepage.go
+++ b/internal/homepage/homepage.go
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ type (
 	Category []*Item
 
 	Item struct {
-		Show         bool           `json:"show" yaml:"show"`
-		Name         string         `json:"name" yaml:"name"`
-		Icon         string         `json:"icon" yaml:"icon"`
-		URL          string         `json:"url" yaml:"url"` // alias + domain
-		Category     string         `json:"category" yaml:"category"`
-		Description  string         `json:"description" yaml:"description" aliases:"desc"`
-		WidgetConfig map[string]any `json:"widget_config" yaml:",flow" aliases:"widget"`
+		Show         bool           `json:"show"`
+		Name         string         `json:"name"`
+		Icon         string         `json:"icon"`
+		URL          string         `json:"url"` // alias + domain
+		Category     string         `json:"category"`
+		Description  string         `json:"description" aliases:"desc"`
+		WidgetConfig map[string]any `json:"widget_config" aliases:"widget"`
 
-		SourceType string `json:"source_type" yaml:"-"`
-		AltURL     string `json:"alt_url" yaml:"-"` // original proxy target
+		SourceType string `json:"source_type"`
+		AltURL     string `json:"alt_url"` // original proxy target
 	}
 )
 
diff --git a/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger.go b/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger.go
index b9d35fa..b16284e 100644
--- a/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger.go
+++ b/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package accesslog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ const logTimeFormat = "02/Jan/2006:15:04:05 -0700"
 func NewFileAccessLogger(parent *task.Task, cfg *Config) (*AccessLogger, error) {
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(cfg.Path, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("access log open error: %w", err)
 	}
 	return NewAccessLogger(parent, f, cfg), nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger_test.go b/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger_test.go
index f44b776..2e9cc9d 100644
--- a/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger_test.go
+++ b/internal/net/http/accesslog/access_logger_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package accesslog_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
@@ -13,25 +14,11 @@ import (
 	. "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils/testing"
 )
 
-type testWritter struct {
-	line string
-}
-
-func (w *testWritter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	w.line = string(p)
-	return len(p), nil
-}
-
-func (w *testWritter) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-var tw testWritter
-
 const (
 	remote        = "192.168.1.1"
-	u             = "http://example.com/?bar=baz&foo=bar"
-	uRedacted     = "http://example.com/?bar=" + RedactedValue + "&foo=" + RedactedValue
+	host          = "example.com"
+	uri           = "/?bar=baz&foo=bar"
+	uriRedacted   = "/?bar=" + RedactedValue + "&foo=" + RedactedValue
 	referer       = "https://www.google.com/"
 	proto         = "HTTP/1.1"
 	ua            = "Go-http-client/1.1"
@@ -41,7 +28,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var (
-	testURL = E.Must(url.Parse(u))
+	testURL = E.Must(url.Parse("http://" + host + uri))
 	req     = &http.Request{
 		RemoteAddr: remote,
 		Method:     method,
@@ -62,17 +49,21 @@ var (
 		ContentLength: contentLength,
 		Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/plain"}},
 	}
-	task = taskPkg.GlobalTask("test logger")
 )
 
+func fmtLog(cfg *Config) string {
+	var line bytes.Buffer
+	logger := NewAccessLogger(taskPkg.GlobalTask("test logger"), nil, cfg)
+	logger.Format(&line, req, resp)
+	return line.String()
+}
+
 func TestAccessLoggerCommon(t *testing.T) {
 	config := DefaultConfig
 	config.Format = FormatCommon
-	logger := NewAccessLogger(task, &tw, &config)
-	logger.Log(req, resp)
-	ExpectEqual(t, tw.line,
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d\n",
-			remote, TestTimeNow, method, u, proto, status, contentLength,
+	ExpectEqual(t, fmtLog(&config),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s %s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d",
+			host, remote, TestTimeNow, method, uri, proto, status, contentLength,
 		),
 	)
 }
@@ -80,11 +71,9 @@ func TestAccessLoggerCommon(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAccessLoggerCombined(t *testing.T) {
 	config := DefaultConfig
 	config.Format = FormatCombined
-	logger := NewAccessLogger(task, &tw, &config)
-	logger.Log(req, resp)
-	ExpectEqual(t, tw.line,
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d \"%s\" \"%s\"\n",
-			remote, TestTimeNow, method, u, proto, status, contentLength, referer, ua,
+	ExpectEqual(t, fmtLog(&config),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s %s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+			host, remote, TestTimeNow, method, uri, proto, status, contentLength, referer, ua,
 		),
 	)
 }
@@ -93,11 +82,9 @@ func TestAccessLoggerRedactQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	config := DefaultConfig
 	config.Format = FormatCommon
 	config.Fields.Query.DefaultMode = FieldModeRedact
-	logger := NewAccessLogger(task, &tw, &config)
-	logger.Log(req, resp)
-	ExpectEqual(t, tw.line,
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d\n",
-			remote, TestTimeNow, method, uRedacted, proto, status, contentLength,
+	ExpectEqual(t, fmtLog(&config),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s %s - - [%s] \"%s %s %s\" %d %d",
+			host, remote, TestTimeNow, method, uriRedacted, proto, status, contentLength,
 		),
 	)
 }
@@ -105,10 +92,8 @@ func TestAccessLoggerRedactQuery(t *testing.T) {
 func getJSONEntry(t *testing.T, config *Config) JSONLogEntry {
 	t.Helper()
 	config.Format = FormatJSON
-	logger := NewAccessLogger(task, &tw, config)
-	logger.Log(req, resp)
 	var entry JSONLogEntry
-	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tw.line), &entry)
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(fmtLog(config)), &entry)
 	ExpectNoError(t, err)
 	return entry
 }
diff --git a/internal/net/http/accesslog/config_test.go b/internal/net/http/accesslog/config_test.go
index 4706410..f7e0989 100644
--- a/internal/net/http/accesslog/config_test.go
+++ b/internal/net/http/accesslog/config_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func TestNewConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	labels := map[string]string{
 		"proxy.buffer_size":                 "10",
 		"proxy.format":                      "combined",
-		"proxy.file_path":                   "/tmp/access.log",
+		"proxy.path":                        "/tmp/access.log",
 		"proxy.filters.status_codes.values": "200-299",
 		"proxy.filters.method.values":       "GET, POST",
 		"proxy.filters.headers.values":      "foo=bar, baz",
diff --git a/internal/net/http/loadbalancer/types/config.go b/internal/net/http/loadbalancer/types/config.go
index 4939188..8e1c38c 100644
--- a/internal/net/http/loadbalancer/types/config.go
+++ b/internal/net/http/loadbalancer/types/config.go
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package types
 
 type Config struct {
-	Link    string         `json:"link" yaml:"link"`
-	Mode    Mode           `json:"mode" yaml:"mode"`
-	Weight  Weight         `json:"weight" yaml:"weight"`
-	Options map[string]any `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:"options,omitempty"`
+	Link    string         `json:"link"`
+	Mode    Mode           `json:"mode"`
+	Weight  Weight         `json:"weight"`
+	Options map[string]any `json:"options,omitempty"`
 }
diff --git a/internal/route/provider/file.go b/internal/route/provider/file.go
index ffa1788..12c7257 100644
--- a/internal/route/provider/file.go
+++ b/internal/route/provider/file.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/common"
 	E "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/error"
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/route"
-	U "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils"
 	W "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/watcher"
 )
 
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ func FileProviderImpl(filename string) (ProviderImpl, error) {
 	return impl, nil
 }
 
-func Validate(data []byte) E.Error {
-	return U.ValidateYaml(U.GetSchema(common.FileProviderSchemaPath), data)
+func Validate(data []byte) (err E.Error) {
+	_, err = utils.DeserializeYAMLMap[*route.RawEntry](data)
+	return
 }
 
 func (p *FileProvider) String() string {
@@ -45,22 +46,17 @@ func (p *FileProvider) Logger() *zerolog.Logger {
 
 func (p *FileProvider) loadRoutesImpl() (route.Routes, E.Error) {
 	routes := route.NewRoutes()
-	entries := route.NewProxyEntries()
 
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(p.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return routes, E.From(err)
 	}
 
-	if err := entries.UnmarshalFromYAML(data); err != nil {
-		return routes, E.From(err)
+	entries, err := utils.DeserializeYAMLMap[*route.RawEntry](data)
+	if err == nil {
+		return route.FromEntries(entries)
 	}
-
-	if err := Validate(data); err != nil {
-		E.LogWarn("validation failure", err.Subject(p.fileName))
-	}
-
-	return route.FromEntries(entries)
+	return routes, E.From(err)
 }
 
 func (p *FileProvider) NewWatcher() W.Watcher {
diff --git a/internal/route/stream.go b/internal/route/stream.go
index eb230b4..b8bb1b7 100755
--- a/internal/route/stream.go
+++ b/internal/route/stream.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/watcher/health/monitor"
 )
 
-// TODO: support stream load balance
+// TODO: support stream load balance.
 type StreamRoute struct {
 	*entry.StreamEntry
 
diff --git a/internal/route/types/raw_entry.go b/internal/route/types/raw_entry.go
index 5c0a0b2..ce7796d 100644
--- a/internal/route/types/raw_entry.go
+++ b/internal/route/types/raw_entry.go
@@ -24,20 +24,20 @@ type (
 
 		// raw entry object before validation
 		// loaded from docker labels or yaml file
-		Alias        string                     `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-		Scheme       string                     `json:"scheme,omitempty" yaml:"scheme"`
-		Host         string                     `json:"host,omitempty" yaml:"host"`
-		Port         string                     `json:"port,omitempty" yaml:"port"`
-		NoTLSVerify  bool                       `json:"no_tls_verify,omitempty" yaml:"no_tls_verify"` // https proxy only
-		PathPatterns []string                   `json:"path_patterns,omitempty" yaml:"path_patterns"` // http(s) proxy only
-		HealthCheck  *health.HealthCheckConfig  `json:"healthcheck,omitempty" yaml:"healthcheck"`
-		LoadBalance  *loadbalance.Config        `json:"load_balance,omitempty" yaml:"load_balance"`
-		Middlewares  map[string]docker.LabelMap `json:"middlewares,omitempty" yaml:"middlewares"`
-		Homepage     *homepage.Item             `json:"homepage,omitempty" yaml:"homepage"`
-		AccessLog    *accesslog.Config          `json:"access_log,omitempty" yaml:"access_log"`
+		Alias        string                     `json:"-"`
+		Scheme       string                     `json:"scheme,omitempty"`
+		Host         string                     `json:"host,omitempty"`
+		Port         string                     `json:"port,omitempty"`
+		NoTLSVerify  bool                       `json:"no_tls_verify,omitempty"`
+		PathPatterns []string                   `json:"path_patterns,omitempty"`
+		HealthCheck  *health.HealthCheckConfig  `json:"healthcheck,omitempty"`
+		LoadBalance  *loadbalance.Config        `json:"load_balance,omitempty"`
+		Middlewares  map[string]docker.LabelMap `json:"middlewares,omitempty"`
+		Homepage     *homepage.Item             `json:"homepage,omitempty"`
+		AccessLog    *accesslog.Config          `json:"access_log,omitempty"`
 
 		/* Docker only */
-		Container *docker.Container `json:"container,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
+		Container *docker.Container `json:"container,omitempty"`
 
 		finalized bool
 	}
diff --git a/internal/utils/functional/map.go b/internal/utils/functional/map.go
index 8d95b17..bac733a 100644
--- a/internal/utils/functional/map.go
+++ b/internal/utils/functional/map.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package functional
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v3"
@@ -195,31 +194,6 @@ func (m Map[KT, VT]) Has(k KT) bool {
 	return ok
 }
 
-// UnmarshalFromYAML unmarshals a yaml byte slice into the map.
-//
-// It overwrites all existing key-value pairs in the map.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//
-//	data: yaml byte slice to unmarshal
-//
-// Returns:
-//
-//	error: if the unmarshaling fails
-func (m Map[KT, VT]) UnmarshalFromYAML(data []byte) error {
-	if m.Size() != 0 {
-		return errors.New("cannot unmarshal into non-empty map")
-	}
-	tmp := make(map[KT]VT)
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, tmp); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for k, v := range tmp {
-		m.Store(k, v)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (m Map[KT, VT]) String() string {
 	tmp := make(map[KT]VT, m.Size())
 	m.RangeAll(func(k KT, v VT) {
diff --git a/internal/utils/io.go b/internal/utils/io.go
index d70e168..0e65c46 100644
--- a/internal/utils/io.go
+++ b/internal/utils/io.go
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ package utils
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
-	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
@@ -151,19 +149,3 @@ func Copy(dst *ContextWriter, src *ContextReader) (err error) {
 func Copy2(ctx context.Context, dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) error {
 	return Copy(&ContextWriter{ctx: ctx, Writer: dst}, &ContextReader{ctx: ctx, Reader: src})
 }
-
-func LoadJSON[T any](path string, pointer *T) error {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return json.Unmarshal(data, pointer)
-}
-
-func SaveJSON[T any](path string, pointer *T, perm os.FileMode) error {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(pointer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.WriteFile(path, data, perm)
-}
diff --git a/internal/utils/schema.go b/internal/utils/schema.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ca0099..0000000
--- a/internal/utils/schema.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package utils
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema"
-)
-
-var (
-	schemaCompiler = jsonschema.NewCompiler()
-	schemaStorage  = make(map[string]*jsonschema.Schema)
-	schemaMu       sync.Mutex
-)
-
-func GetSchema(path string) *jsonschema.Schema {
-	if schema, ok := schemaStorage[path]; ok {
-		return schema
-	}
-	schemaMu.Lock()
-	defer schemaMu.Unlock()
-	if schema, ok := schemaStorage[path]; ok {
-		return schema
-	}
-	schema := schemaCompiler.MustCompile(path)
-	schemaStorage[path] = schema
-	return schema
-}
diff --git a/internal/utils/serialization.go b/internal/utils/serialization.go
index 24ad7a2..de7e53e 100644
--- a/internal/utils/serialization.go
+++ b/internal/utils/serialization.go
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"unicode"
 
 	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
-	"github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema"
 	E "github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/error"
+	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils/functional"
 	"github.com/yusing/go-proxy/internal/utils/strutils"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
@@ -30,36 +30,6 @@ var (
 	ErrUnknownField          = E.New("unknown field")
 )
 
-func ValidateYaml(schema *jsonschema.Schema, data []byte) E.Error {
-	var i any
-
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &i)
-	if err != nil {
-		return E.From(err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := json.Marshal(i)
-	if err != nil {
-		return E.From(err)
-	}
-
-	err = schema.Validate(bytes.NewReader(m))
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var valErr *jsonschema.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &valErr) {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	b := E.NewBuilder("yaml validation error")
-	for _, e := range valErr.Causes {
-		b.Adds(e.Message)
-	}
-	return b.Error()
-}
-
 // Serialize converts the given data into a map[string]any representation.
 //
 // It uses reflection to inspect the data type and handle different kinds of data.
@@ -482,10 +452,38 @@ func ConvertString(src string, dst reflect.Value) (convertible bool, convErr E.E
 	return true, Convert(reflect.ValueOf(tmp), dst)
 }
 
-func DeserializeJSON(j map[string]string, target any) error {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(j)
+func DeserializeYAML[T any](data []byte, target T) E.Error {
+	m := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, m); err != nil {
+		return E.From(err)
+	}
+	return Deserialize(m, target)
+}
+
+func DeserializeYAMLMap[V any](data []byte) (_ functional.Map[string, V], err E.Error) {
+	m := make(map[string]any)
+	if err = E.From(yaml.Unmarshal(data, m)); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m2 := make(map[string]V, len(m))
+	if err = Deserialize(m, m2); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return functional.NewMapFrom(m2), nil
+}
+
+func LoadJSON[T any](path string, dst *T) error {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return json.Unmarshal(data, target)
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, dst)
+}
+
+func SaveJSON[T any](path string, src *T, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.WriteFile(path, data, perm)
 }
diff --git a/internal/watcher/health/config.go b/internal/watcher/health/config.go
index fda787d..4896e3e 100644
--- a/internal/watcher/health/config.go
+++ b/internal/watcher/health/config.go
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type HealthCheckConfig struct {
-	Disable  bool          `json:"disable,omitempty" yaml:"disable" aliases:"disabled"`
-	Path     string        `json:"path,omitempty" yaml:"path"`
-	UseGet   bool          `json:"use_get,omitempty" yaml:"use_get"`
-	Interval time.Duration `json:"interval" yaml:"interval"`
-	Timeout  time.Duration `json:"timeout" yaml:"timeout"`
+	Disable  bool          `json:"disable,omitempty" aliases:"disabled"`
+	Path     string        `json:"path,omitempty" validate:"omitempty,uri,startswith=/"`
+	UseGet   bool          `json:"use_get,omitempty"`
+	Interval time.Duration `json:"interval" validate:"omitempty,min=1s"`
+	Timeout  time.Duration `json:"timeout" validate:"omitempty,min=1s"`
 }